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Teenagers as TargetsWhy do we believe what we believe?It is our responsibility to examine why we think what we think in order to make wise decisions that lead to a bright future. Are we following irrational imposed ideas? The History of Scientific Philosophy (03:38, quicktime) Sites: DHMO: Dihydrogen monoxide is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and kills uncounted thousands of people every year. Most of these deaths are caused by accidental inhalation of DHMO, but the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide do not end there. The Expanding Earth: The earth is blowing up like a balloon. The Flat Earth Society: "What keeps our person at the South Pole from falling completely off the face of the "globe"?" The Geocentric Universe: "We aim to destroy the heliocentric cosmology and evolutionary cosmogony that now pervades all of western educational establishments." Moon Conspiracy: Did We Go to the Moon? ... This page is based on a television special, Conspiracy Theory: Did We Go to the Moon? Dinosaurs on Noah's ark: "Each "kind" of living dinosaur was taken on board the ark." Holocaust denial or Holocaust revisionism is the rejection of some or all of the conventional history of the Holocaust, whereby Nazi Germany and its associates committed genocide against millions of Jews during World War II, according to the specific order of Adolf Hitler. You are targets. Tragic Manuplation: Jim Jones: On November 18, 1978 912 followers of American cult leader Jim Jones ("Peoples Temple") died in a remote South American jungle compound called "Jonestown" in British Guyana. Some members were shot, others were forced to drink poison, but most willingly participated in what Jones said was an act of "revolutionary suicide." Branch Davidians: On April 19th 1993 David Koresh claimed the lives of 80 of his Branch Davidian followers, including 25 children, in what seemed to be their final trial by fire. The 33-year-old self-proclaimed "Lamb of God" thus ended a 51-day-standoff with federal law enforcement. Heavans Gate: On March 26, 1997, 39 bodies were discovered at the Heaven's Gate compound in Rancho Santa Fe, CA. The group was found carefully organized for their death and afterlife. According to the group's beliefs they were going to cast off their bodies to join a spacecraft of aliens that were hiding in the Hale-Bopp comet's tail. Be careful what crowd you follow. Sites Exposing false information Crank.net: Crank Dot Net is devoted to presenting Web sites by and about cranks, crankism, crankishness, and crankosity. All cranks, all the time.The Seven Warning Signs of Bogus Science The Seven Warning Signs of Bogus Information 1. The discoverer pitches the claim directly to the media. The integrity of science rests on the willingness of scientists to expose new ideas and findings to the scrutiny of other scientists. Thus, scientists expect their colleagues to reveal new findings to them initially. An attempt to bypass peer review by taking a new result directly to the media, and thence to the public, suggests that the work is unlikely to stand up to close examination by other scientists. 2. The discoverer says that a powerful establishment is trying to suppress his or her work. 3. The scientific effect involved is always at the very limit of detection. Alas, there is never a clear photograph of a flying saucer, or the Loch Ness monster. All scientific measurements must contend with some level of background noise or statistical fluctuation. But if the signal-to-noise ratio cannot be improved, even in principle, the effect is probably not real and the work is not science. 4. Evidence for a discovery is anecdotal. If modern science has learned anything in the past century, it is to distrust anecdotal evidence. Because anecdotes have a very strong emotional impact, they serve to keep superstitious beliefs alive in an age of science. The most important discovery of modern medicine is not vaccines or antibiotics, it is the randomized double-blind test, by means of which we know what works and what doesn't. Contrary to the saying, "data" is not the plural of "anecdote." 5. The discoverer says a belief is credible because it has endured for centuries. There is a persistent myth that hundreds or even thousands of years ago, long before anyone knew that blood circulates throughout the body, or that germs cause disease, our ancestors possessed miraculous remedies that modern science cannot understand. Much of what is termed "alternative medicine" is part of that myth. Ancient folk wisdom, rediscovered or repackaged, is unlikely to match the output of modern scientific laboratories. 6. The discoverer has worked in isolation. The image of a lone genius who struggles in secrecy in an attic laboratory and ends up making a revolutionary breakthrough is a staple of Hollywood's science-fiction films, but it is hard to find examples in real life. Scientific breakthroughs nowadays are almost always syntheses of the work of many scientists. 7. The discoverer must propose new laws of nature to explain an observation. A new law of nature, invoked to explain some extraordinary result, must not conflict with what is already known. If we must change existing laws of nature or propose new laws to account for an observation, it is almost certainly wrong. Robert L. Park is a professor of physics at the University of Maryland at College Park and the director of public information for the American Physical Society. He is the author of Voodoo Science: The Road From Foolishness to Fraud (Oxford University Press, 2002). CSICOP encourages the critical investigation of paranormal and fringe-science claims from a responsible, scientific point of view and disseminates factual information about the results of such inquiries to the scientific community and the public. |